Nozzle for turbines.



No. 883,892. PATENTED APR. '7, 1908.

W. KIBSER. NOZZLE FOR TURBIN-BS.

APPLICATION FILED 00T.25. 1906.

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' UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WALTER muses, on BERLIN, GERMANY, AssreNo T GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, A

CORPORATION on NEW YORK.

NOZZLE non TURBINES.

Specificatidn of Letters Patent I V Patented 7, 1908.

Application filed October 25, 1906. Serial No, 340,511.

To altwhom it. may concern."

vBelt :known thatl, WALTER KIESER, a

I citizen of Switzerland, residing at Berlin,

Germany have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Nozzles for Steam or Gas Turbines, of-whichthe following is a specification.- I v The/present invention relates to turbine nozzles suchas are used inelastic fluid tur-- bmes to discharge the motive fluid against,

the wheel buckets. y

The objectof the invention is to provide a substantial nozzle structure that efiiciently converts the pressure of steam or other elastic fluid into velocity and delivers it at the proper angle'to the bucket wheels which convert-the velocity into-mechanical power.

v A further object is to fiirovide a nozzlethat may be finishedby mac ne-operations, thus eliminating the expense and inaccuracy due to manual operat1ons;. and a nozzlethatmay be readily assembled with. other nozzles in a group in which individual nozzles may be insorted or removed without disturbing others. j In'the'accom 'anying drawing, illustrating one of the cm odiments of jrnyl invention,.

View of a single nozzle; Fig.

Figure 1 is a to i two adjacent, nozzles on the 2 is a section 0 .line 22 of Fig.3; Fig.. 3 is a side View of two abutting nozzles; -'l*ig.f"4 is a section on the line l4 of Fig.2; and Figs. 5, 6,7 and 8 are sections on-hne's',5-5,' 6,6',- 7-7, and

The nozzle illustratedhas a base 1 contaming a bowl 2 of suitableshape. Steam or other elastic fluid from a iven source of supply, enters the well roun ed bowl 2 unit der a predetermined-: pressure' and passes through the throat '3' 'to the tapering portion '4. T 's tapering portion connects the throat 3. with the portion 5 which has a substantially rectangularcross-section.

The drawing shows the nozzles asarranged to deliver elastic fluid in an axial flow turbine havingha series of buckets projecting radiall from t The walls hand 7 of the nozzle discharge ecircurnference of the bucket whee openin 8' are shaped to the same arcs as the top an bottom of the buckets, whilethe ends of theother. two wallsare substantially radial and. in contact with the adjoining nozzles.

1 These abuttin 'walls'are made as thin as possible so .thati cent nozzles in' agroup forms a practica y sohd orundivided column, This construe:

e fluidissuing .from the ad'ation and arrangement of the discharge openlngs also insures a direct and efi'lcient deof a' column of fluid to'the buckets live which fills all-of the bucket spaces directly in 1 front of it. Eddy losses are thus avoided,

such, for example-as occur Whenspaces are left between the adjacent ends of the buckets,

or where the walls 6 and 7 are made straight.

and the cornersproject beyond theedge of the bucket rim. j

The bowl 2 may be regarded as the receiving member of the nozzle, and the portions-3,

'4 and 5 as constituting the discharging member. To obtainefficient operation, the Interior of the discharging membermust be accurately and smoothly finished to predetermined dimensions. In many nozzles with which I am familiar, both members form one integral structure, and owing to the .inaccessibility and the changing shape of the interior of the nozzle, finishing by machine operations 18 lmpossible.

The interior must,

therefore, be finished by hand, a process which is very expensive and which results in many departures from the essential accuracy of the dimensions. To overcome the ObjQC- and separate from the discharging member. The latter member is referably made from some suitable malleab e metal or alloy in tubular form. While in this form it may be readily and accurately finished on both its outside and inside by ordinary machine operations, such as turning, boring, reaming, etc. This finished tubular member has a --projection 9 with an adjacent screw thread '11. Beyond the screw thread is an enlarged ortion 12 to receive a wrench or other tool or screwing the discharge member to the base. The thin tube beyond part 12 is v shaped or pressed into its, final substantially rectangular cross-section by a machine baring suitable dies. The discharge face of the nozzle is subsequently cut off at a proper angle to make it parallel to the bucket wheel. l I The pro ection 9 engages a correspondingly shaped seat in the base.

This projection is so related to the other arts of the member ,tions just noted, I make the base of cast metal that the workman, w en assembling the other fastenings, and may be fixed in exact relation to the buckets by dowel pins 14.

The parts thus far described have the outline shown in full and dot-and-dash lines in Fig." 1,;and in section in Fig. 4. If only one nozzle isto be used this outline .may be preserved, butif a group of two or more nozzles is to be employed, as is customary, the surface of the nozzle must be cut away on the lines 15-l5 and 1616 and the base cut away at 17 to permit the nozzles to be grouped or nested in closely overlapping relation as shown in Figs. 2 and 3.

It is to be un'derstood that the number of nozzles, admission or stage, may be varied to suit'therequirements of any given case, and that they may be used with horizontal, vertical or other types of turbines as desired. VVh'ere several nozzles are grouped in the manner shown, they may be re arded as constituting a single discharging device deliveringone' wide'stream of fluid to the buckets.

In operation, steam or other elastic fluid flows from the bowl through the thIoat into the portion beyond, and its pressure is converted into velocity. In the nozzle-shown, this velocity is augmented by the expansion of thesteam or other fluid iu the tapering or diverging portion 4. This portion being round in cross-section offers the least resistance to theflow of fluid, and the transformation from the round to the rectangular portion is so gradual that no objectionable eddies are produced. .A small amount of eX- pansion may also occur in passing from the conical portion 4 to the rectangular portion 5 which has a uniform cross-section. The fluid is delivered to the wheel buckets at hi h velocity by the portion 5.

iile. the nozzleshown'provides for expansion, my invention may be used in the construction of non-expanding nozzles, in which the velocity is due to the passage of fluid from a region of high pressure to one of lower pressure, by making the portion 4 of uniformcross-section and changing the diniensions of the rectangular part to suit.

This form of nozzle also makes it possible to easily replace damaged discharge members with new members, or to substitute a member having a different ratio of expansion, if

desired. Also any nozzle may be removed from a group by unscrewing the bolts 13 and be subsequently replaced without disturbing the other nozzles.

In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes, I have described the principle of operation ofmy invention, together with the apparatus which-I now consider to represent the best embodiment thereof; but

I desire to have it understood that the apparatus shown is only illustrative, and that the invention can be carried out by other means.

ceases What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent o the United States, is,-

1. In an elastic fluid turbine, the combination of a metal base havin a well-rounded bowl iormed therein, means or attaching the base to a part of the turbine,and a detachable portion for discharging the motive fluid to the buckets, WlliClllSPI'GSSBIl into shape and screw-threaded to the base.

2. A nozzle for elastic fluid turbines comprising a base havinga screw threa'ded opening therein and a tapering seat adjacen't the screw thread, with a dischar emember having a tapering projection and a screw thread adjacent the projection'which engages the first mentioned screw thread to secure the member to the base and hold the projection in engagement with the seat.

3. A nozzle for elastic fluiil turbines, comprising a"base,an expansion'portion and a discharge portion of substantially rectangular cross-section forming an" integral detachable membenand means for securing said member to the base.

4. In an elastic fluid t-urbine, a fluid dischargingdevice comprising a plurality of parallel abutting and overlapping nozzles having their discharge orifices arranged to arranged in arallel relation, with the adiacent walls 0 the members in abutting re ation throughout their length, to form a compact structure delivering a substantially solid column of fluid to 'said buckets.

6. In an elastic fluid turbine, a group' of nozzles having thin-walled discharging members at an angle to the wheel buckets-and arranged in parallel, overla ping relation with the adjacentwalls of t e members in abutting contact throughout the le th there'- of, to form a compact device disc arging a substantially solid column of fluid to said buckets.

7. In an elastic fluid turbine, a fluid discharging device comprising a plurality of abutting and overlapping nozzles having thin-walled discharge orifices arranged on an arc corresponding to that of'the wheel buck- .ets, with the axes of the orifices at an angle to the face of the wheel, and havingithe surfaces of. their abutting walls parallel to the axes of; the orifices. 1

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this sixteenth da' of October, 1906.

. WAL ER KIESER.

Witnesses:

ALEX. F. MACDONALD JOHN A. McMANUs, Jr. 

